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Monday, November 5, 2012

ATX Power Principle, Part 4: standby circuit type 2: In indirect


300Vdc power supply from the circuit bent / primary filter.

Effects components:

Rhv: limiting resistor, the output voltage follows it to about 270V.

R3, R5: Natural (each) for Q3.

Q3: standby power, here use Mosfet 2N60.
R4: Creating negative feedback voltage, using voltage drop on R4 as a sensor to check the current through Q3, through which will be adjusted to Q3 stable operation.

ZD1: Voltage Stability foot G, in order to protect not to Q3 wide open, avoid for Q3 being punctured.

C34: Capacitor discouraged, Q3 protection no breakdown when subjected to large cathode voltage of the reverse scan period.

R9: Resistor distributed pressure, thereby stabilizing the (relatively) Q4 Q3 G and C foot.

L1: Load Q3. L2: Scroll feedback.

Q4: Warping differential pressure for the foot G Q3, acting commutation voltage feedback.

D5: Resetting the next in parallel adapter circuit to create a voltage (+) at the point A.

C8: Filter feedback voltage.

U1: from optical circuit, negative feedback voltage stability STB.

R17: improving low resistance, with the purpose of the feedback voltage disconnect to the foot B Q4 when the voltage dropped to ~ 2V.

C4, R6, D3: The reverse voltage, anti vibration breaks.

Principles:

300V voltage from circuit bent / Filter Primary through Rhv also ~ 270V supply for the circuit. This voltage is divided into two lines:

Route 1: At PN6, PN4 to the base D Q3.

Line 2: Over R3, R5 an R9 pressure rate of natural match for Q3, and Q4 (pin C). You notice Q4 with differential pressure for G Q3 should if saturated Q4, the voltage at G Q3 ~ 0, Q3 locked.

By natural (prey) by R3, R5 should Q3 open. The current passing from 270V through L1, the DS Q3 down mass, closed circuit. Since this line passes through L1, according to the characteristics of the coil (always generate line against the line through it on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction) should flow through the L1 does not reach saturation increased from from. So the magnetic field in the transformer core STB cun increased gradually (from school).

According to induction Lenz's law, the magnetic field increases slowly on STB transformer core will rise above all the windings of the transformer 1 touch power productivity.

Induced voltage on L2 is shaped by D5 and filtered by C8 removed the voltage 1 dimensional is negative (+) at point A, is stable (relatively) R16, stability depends on the product of T = R16xC8 (time constant - the drainage area of ​​the circuit time constant RC)

The voltage at point A through CE U1 (over fiber) to pin B of Q4. Because the voltage is positive so it makes Q4 saturated. When Q4 saturated, the voltage at the foot C Q4 ~ 0, where C Q4 connected to the foot G Q3 UgQ3 ~ 0 for Q3 lock.

When the current through Q3 lock, lines through L1 lose, from school on L1 also lost makes the magnetic field in the transformer core = 0 leads to the induced voltage on the transformer windings STB = 0. Of course, the induced voltage on the coil L2 loss.

So voltage the L2 loss should not take the pressure (+) at point A again. Yet for C8 was loaded (at first) so it makes discharge voltage at point A can not lose now, the C8 will discharge to maintain the (+) at the foot of B Q4 another first time and Q4 tieps on storm Republic, Q3 continue to lock. Until the voltage (+) by discharge C8 not enough to (≤ 2V), the R17 will interrupt the feedback voltage, B foot Q4 will reduce the O, Q4 course. When Q4 lock the natural voltage by R3, R5 and Q3 open recovery. A cycle open / locked started.

Oscillation frequency of the circuit:

Be determined by L2/C8/R16. This is the serial resonance occurs resonance, the voltage across L2 is max, then the voltage at point A is max enough to R17, Q4 saturated. If the voltage resonance is lost on L2 min, voltage point A min not enough to win the voltage drop on R17 to Q4, Q3 unlock (fixed) and the current through L1 is fixed not create from school do induced voltage on all the coils of the transformer STB lost. In other words, the oscillation frequency of the primary circuit by 1/2Πxsqrt (L2xC8R16).

Fact, when Q3 locked, line L1 through not lost immediately due to the magnetic field in the transformer core is still (small) rise to the induced voltage on the L1-dimensional (-) in D 3, this voltage exists in the very short time (like a reverse sweep in the performance of the TV, CRT) should be of great value (~ 800V source of new life) give rise to two consequences:

Effect of C4, R6, D3 as direct feedback circuit.

Induced voltage on L3 generated by the magnetic field change due to continuous Q2 saturation / lock. This voltage is shaped / standby voltage filter removed.

Line 1: Resetting / filtered by D9/C15 12V breeding range, amplified stimulated.

Line 2: Bending / filtered by D7/C13/C18 5V purple wire, high voltage through the resistor for PS-ON, raising circuit PG algorithm.

Stable voltage: Use OPTO U1.

If the output voltage increases (because the oscillation frequency changes), 5V output increases. Meanwhile source for extreme control of U1 (TL431) from 5V through R27 increased make 431 large opening.

Notice 431 connected in series with the diode of the OPTO, for 431 open large current through the diode (from 5V STB R30, through the diode, 431 down mass) increases, the light intensity of the diode increases affecting CE U1 as resistor RCE U1 reduced, this resistor in series from point A on the R17 should make the feedback voltage on B Q4 (through R17) increased, resulting in Q4 storm hoa/Q3 lock earlier than usual. In other words, the time to open Q3 small in 1 second will decrease the output voltage decreases.

If the output voltage is reduced (because the oscillation frequency change) 5V output decrease. Meanwhile source for extreme control of U1 (TL431) from 5V through R27 down to make 431 small opening.

Notice 431 connected in series with the diode of the OPTO, for 431 open large current through the diode (from 5V STB R30, through the diode, 431 down mass) down, the light intensity of the diode to reduce the impact to CE U1 to resistor RCE U1 increase, this resistor in series from point A on the R17 should make the feedback voltage on B Q4 (through R17) decreased, resulting in Q4 storm hoa/Q3 lock later than usual. In other words, the time to open Q3 in one small seconds will increase the output voltage increases.

Voltage stability: Using the negative feedback resistor R4 voltage.

If Q3 widening (high pressure), the flow through R4 increase. Voltage drop on R4 (in UR4 = IQ3 x R4) increased. To will find this pressure drop on leg B Q4 through R8 Ub Q4 up, Q4 saturation, Q3 lock earlier than usual. In other words, the time to open Q3 small in 1 second will decrease the output voltage decreases.

If Q3 small opening (low output voltage), the current through R4 reduced. Voltage drop on R4 (in UR4 = IQ3 x R4) down. To will find this pressure drop on leg B Q4 through R8 do Ub Q4 reduce, Q4 will be saturated, Q3 lock later than usual. In other words, the time to open Q3 in one small seconds will increase the output voltage increases.

ATX Power Principle, Part 3: standby circuit type 1: In the direct


3.2.Standby circuits using blocking oscillator
Type 1: In direct (illustrated by circuit stabdby source LC-200)





300Vdc power supply from the circuit bent / primary filter.
Effects components:
Q12: blocking oscillator, and standby power.
R55/R56: the natural Q12, resistor acts as a "primer"
D23: Resetting feedback to maintain oscillation, the output voltage in Anode D28 is negative (-).
C19: Filter leveled voltage feedback.
R57: Distribution, preliminary steady voltage feedback.
ZD2: Cut when feedback voltage (-) from point A voltage less than the voltage of it.
C3/L2: parallel RC frame resonance, the resonant frequency of this framework which is calculated by the formula: f = 1/2Πxsqrt (L2xC3). You may wonder about this, but for an AC signal (+) and mass sources considered as short (through the filter capacitor) so for AC shall R55/C3 regarded as parallel with L2.
L1: Download Q12.
L2: Coil voltage feedback with the task of creating the effects Lenz used to maintain oscillation.
R58/C23/D32: Removal reverse voltage, anti vibration breaks.

Principles:
Voltage 300V through R55/R56 natural vacuum B Q12, the voltage at the base of B ~ 2V (measuring DC when interrupts feedback) makes saturation Q12 open always.
When Q12 saturation current through it as follows: (+) 300V L1 → C leg EC Q12 → Q12 → mass. Since this line passes through L1, according to the characteristics of the coil (always generate line against the line through it on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction) should flow through the L1 does not reach saturation increased from from. So the magnetic field in the transformer core STB cun increased gradually (from school).
According to induction Lenz's law, the magnetic field increases slowly on STB transformer core will rise above all the windings of the transformer 1 touch power productivity.
Induced voltage on L2 is bent by D28 and of C19 removed dienap filtration one-dimensional negative polarity (-) at point A, is stable (relatively) by R57, stability depends on the product of T = R57xC19 (time constant - the drainage area of ​​the circuit time constant RC)
The voltage at point A via ZD2 to the B leg of Q12. As a negative voltage pulse it with the positive voltage due to natural R55/56 taken to, the result is 2 voltage trng mixed together making B Q12 leg voltage to 0, the current through L1, Q12 loss .
When the through L1, Q12 loss from school on it also lost to the magnetic field in the transformer core = 0 leads to the induced voltage on the transformer windings STB = 0. Of course, the induced voltage on the coil L2 loss.
Because the voltage across L2 loss, D28 does not give negative voltage. Still because C19 has loaded (before), so now it makes discharge voltage at point A can not lose now, the C19 discharge will maintain the sound level at the foot of B Q12 adding 1 more time, Q12 continues to lock. Go when negative voltage discharge by the C19 is not large enough to open ZD2 ZD2 will break, not negative voltage to B leg Q12, this time B leg only positive pressure by R55/56 brought to and it opened saturation. A saturated cycle / lock begins.

Oscillation frequency of the circuit:
Determined L2/C3. Since this is a parallel resonance when the resonance line through L2 is max, then the feedback is max enough ZD2 open, Q12 will lock when the resonance is lost. In other words, the oscillation frequency of the primary circuit by 1/2Πxsqrt (L2xC3).
Fact, when Q12 lock, line L1 through not lost immediately due to the magnetic field in the transformer core is still (small) rise to the induced voltage on the L1 direction (+) C Q12, voltage exists in the very short time (like a reverse sweep in the performance of the TV, CRT) should be of great value (~ 800V source of new life) give rise to two consequences:
- Q12 can be punctured by pressure too great to overcome, the Q12 is designed using high voltage.
- Q12 leakage current due to large voltage, resulting current through L1 is maintained, the induced voltage on L1 maintenance makes the voltage negative (-) B Q12 maintaining and not recoverable voltage natural (+) and so the cycle saturation / lock not implemented. In other words, the range loss.
FIX: When high pressure foot C Q12 will launch D32 neutral voltage on C23. If you calculated the value will see the voltage at the base of C Q12 and the voltage across C32 is in the opposite direction, neutralize each other. R58 resistor is increased to neutralize a very short time, eliminate the phenomenon Q12, recovery cycle fluctuations.

Note: To understand that you review the theory of operation mode of BJT (mode A, B, C) and the principle of the resonant circuit, the parameters resonance.
Induced voltage on L3 generated by the magnetic field change due to continuous Q2 saturation / lock. This voltage is shaped / standby voltage filter removed.
Line 1: Resetting by D30 12V feed variations, amplified stimulated.
Line 2: Resetting by D29, C23 filter and voltage regulator IC 7805 5V removed for purple wire, high voltage through the resistor for PS-ON, raising circuit PG algorithm.

The damage:
Phenomenon 1: Explosion fuse, replace it.
- Chap Q12, or Q12 replaced by low voltage BJT, plugged in always. For this source, the oscillation frequency of 13kHz, the Q12 can be used C2335, 13007 is OK.
Note: The source of life, the frequency of 19Khz not use the C2335 too (because UCE max voltage of the low-C2335)

The phenomenon of 2: standby voltage loss.
Loss of oscillation by:
- Cut resistance all (R5/56).
- End D28 feedback loss.
- Dry, lost, foot rot C19 not, smoothing filter, feedback pulse ZD2 lock.
- Terminate or change the wrong value feedback ZD2 loss.

Phenomenon 3: Loss 5V STB
- Off the D29, 7805
- Short-C23

Phenomenon 4: Apply standby loss
-, Diode leakage bent.
- Dry filter capacitor.

Sunday, November 4, 2012

ATX power principle :


1.PRINCIPLES pulse source
1.1. Concept:
-Circuit pulse source (also known as source switches on / off switching) is the inverter shall convert the DC power into AC power.

1.2. The diagram inverter:
There are basically two types of inverter: serial and parallel.
1.2.1.Diagram inverter serial

Pros: Simple, easy to calculate design, easy assembly.
Cons: Allows very low tolerance components. Not isolated mass primary and secondary user should cause shock, danger to sensitive components. Therefore, this type of source is very rarely used.
One of the electronic devices are more civil in Vietnam using serial power inverter is Samsung TVs CW3312, Deawoo 1418.
1.2.2.Parallel inverter diagram:

Pros: Easy to change the output voltage, allowing a tolerance of large components. Mass isolated primary and secondary good, safe to use and download.
Cons: Circuit complex, difficult to repair
Due to the good isolation ability of parallel inverter circuit used in all the computer power supply, between AT and ATX. This series will focus on analyzing parallel circuit inverter ATX power.

2.COMPUTER RESOURCES (ATX)
2.1. Functions:
Civil transform AC (in Vietnam is 220V/50Hz, Japan is 110V/60Hz ...) into the DC voltage supply for the PC.
The DC power levels include:
+5 V, +12 V, +3.3 V,-5V,-12V, +5 V STB (standby before, wait), +4.5-5V PS-ON (Power Switch On - switch to open / power), +5 V PG (power good - the good, the synchronization signal for all circuits in the PC boot).

2.3. Functional blocks:
(1) Protection of the source and load when lightning, voltage surge.
Filter, remove or reduce industrial noise pulses through AC power goes to the ATX power circuit, if such interference can not be eliminated ignition source circuit, the load, reducing the work load stability.
(2) Break open the excitation, in order to create an electric current is not continuous on the main transformer to take advantage of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction induced voltage on the secondary.
(3) The load capacity of the, create secondary output voltage, and the isolation between the two blocks primary / secondary to eliminate mass (voltage) of the primary load and user protection.
(4) As a small power inverter circuit, you can use vibration or blocking
(5) The load capacity of the previous level, in order to create the previous voltage level consists of two levels: 5V, 12-16V supply range, PS-ON, STB and amplified stimulated.
(6) Bending, filter, voltage regulator launched the DC voltage standby.
(7) As an RC oscillator circuit to generate square pulses of fixed frequency (older sources 13KHz frequency, the source of life that is 19KHz). This pulse is sent to the power control open / close. Pulses from the oscillator pulse width (tx) change in the output voltage, if the voltage is higher than the design, the pulse width decreased. Conversely, if the output voltage is lower than the design, the pulse width increases. So IC implementation oscillations called PWM (Pulse Wide Modulation pulse width control)
(8) Magnification increased pulse amplitude control. The input of the circuit is the square pulse from the oscillator circuit.
(9) As the load of stimulus oscillation amplifier circuit for the purpose of coupling excitation to the main power, and no loss of isolation between the primary and secondary.
(10) Includes adapter circuit, filter, voltage regulator. Input AC voltage is removed from the main power transformer, the output is stable voltage dc taken to jack ATX.
(11) the feedback circuit voltage stability or down range when the output voltage is too large, oscillation breaks when there is a short circuit load to protect the source and load protection (prevent further damage)
(12) Amplifier circuit algorithm will work after the machine is turned on, the voltage generated PG time appeared PG will be later than the primary voltage of about 0.2-0.5 seconds, to wait for the output voltage has stable. PG included in the main and stimulate all the main circuit starts operating at any one time (synchronous time base)




ATX Schematics Full

ATX Schematics full

ATX Schematics Full

Size: 3,77MB

AC filter circuit, the primary one-dimensional filter adapter

ATX power principle

ATX power principle



Effects of components:
F1: Fuse overcurrent protection, when the phenomenon of slow power line through F1 increase its lead wires will flow, disconnect the power supply to protect the components are not damaged further.
TH1: Overvoltage protection fuse, which are composed of one pair of adjacent semiconductor, its maximum voltage of about 230V-270V (depending on source). When the voltage is too high or lightning voltage leads to higher on TH1, this junction will break to interrupt the supply voltage for the power supply.
CX1, CX2: Capacitor input filter, short circuit the pulse of industrial noise frequencies.
LF1: Inductors, prevent impulse noise frequencies to reach the source.
RV/C3/C3: RC type filter circuit make way for high-frequency pulses.
D1-D4: Circuit bending, variable AC voltage supply DC voltage.
C5/C6: Source filter capacitors, voltage smoothing circuit bending.
R1/R2: Resistor balance the voltage across the two capacitors.
SW1: Power switch input voltage changes. 220 - interrupts, 110V - closed.
Alternating current passes through the fuse, remove noise pulses by RV CX1/LF1 to. Filter circuit including RV/C3/C4 will continue removing remaining industrial interference. In other words, the AC adapter to demand cleaner.
Since the AC voltage is constantly changing so the adapter needs to change. Eg forward selling 1 A (+) / B (-), sale of 2 A (-) / B (+) ...
If the input voltage is 220V (SW1 off).
A (+) / B (-), the D2/D4 diode is biased, the current passing from point A through D2, loaded for pairs of capacitors C5/C6, via download mass, through D4 back to the point B, closed circuit.
A (-) / B (+),, diode D1/D3 polarized agreement, the current passing from point B through D3, loaded for pairs of capacitors C5/C6, through downloading mass, D1 back to point A, closed circuit.
So, with the second semi-period of AC line are creating an over load current from top to bottom. Voltage applied to the capacitor pair will have positive (+) at point C, negative (-) in D (mass). Voltage on C5/C6 values ​​are:
- (220V-2x0.7) x sqrt2 = 309.14 V (if you use silicon diode, the voltage drop on each diode ~ 0.7V)
- (220V-2x0.3) x sqrt2 = 310.27 V (if used germanium diode, the voltage drop on each diode ~ 0.3V)
If the input voltage is 110V (SW1 play)
A (+) / B (-), D2 is biased, the current passing from point A through D2, loaded for C5, on B closed circuit. The value of voltage on C5: 110V-x0.7) x sqrt2 = 154.57 V (due to the diode voltage drop of 1)
A (-) / B (+), D1 is biased, the current passing from point B to load for C6, D1 to A closed circuit. The value of the voltage across C6 is: (110V-x0.7) x sqrt2 = 154.57 V (due to a pressure drop of 1 diode).
The total voltage on C5/C6 will be: 154.57 x 2 = 309.14 V
This is the primary source of one-way circuit provides full source, the workers used to call the voltage on point A voltage is 300V, of course, so as not accurate in terms of value.
The damage in the circuit:
Phenomenon 1: Insert the fuse
- Due to over voltage, lightning. Instead of the right type.

Two phenomena: an end to fuse, instead it off.
- Because short 1, 2, 3 or even 4 diode bridge adapter. Then measure the resistance forward / reverse of them are ~ 0Ω. Instead.
- Due to the short one in the filter capacitor. Measure will see the impedance of 0Ω, replace. However, this causes extremely infrequent (1% probability).
Note: 1 Some sources also have torpedo tubes (shaped like ceramic capacitors) surge protection parallel fuses F1, lightning or high voltage, it will short increase and cause broken line fuse F1 . If the source uses this type of protection, you will have to check the impedance measured by 0, instead.

Phenomenon 3: A low voltage from 220V-250V.
- Do one or both 2 dry filter capacitor. Instead.
When dry capacitors will usually accompanied by the phenomenon of the machine will not start or boot, but Reser, hanging by sources at the time was not filtering technology, also lead to the source of AC ripple.

Acer Aspire 6530 (Quanta ZK3) schematics

Acer Aspire 6530 schematics

Acer Aspire 6530 (Quanta ZK3) schematics

Acer Aspire 6530 laptop schematics full free download.
Capacity: 1,77 MB